•Uses of animals: Food (meat, milk), transportation, military use, work (plowing) and clothing (wool, hides)
Consequences of Agriculture:
•Food surpluses, food storage
•Permanent settlements (villages) around fields
•Support larger populations
•Within a few generations, wheat farmers were on the march, displacing and overwhelming hunter-gatherers as they went, and bringing with them their distinct Indo-European language, of which Sanskrit and Irish are both descendants.
•Allow division of labor and stratified societies, later political organization
•Writing developed as an accounting measure used in trade, taxes, and warehousing
•Wherever they went, the farmers brought their habits: not just sowing, reaping and threshing, but baking, fermenting, owning, hoarding.
Domesticated Plants
------
yams, taro
------
------
sugar cane
New Guinea
squash
artichoke
------
------
maygrass, barley, knotweed, goosefoot
E. United States
------
------
------
(coffee)
millet
Ethiopia
cucumber
------
cotton, flax
beans
------
India
watermelon, gourd
African yams
cotton
Sorghum, millet
West Africa
squashes
potato
cotton
beans
Corn
Americas
------
------
hemp
soybean
Rice, millet
China
------
------
flax
pea, lentil, chickpea
wheat, barley
Fertile
Crescent
Melons
Roots & Tubers
Fiber
Pulses
Cereals & Grasses
Area
Animal Domestication
Arabia
2,500
Arabian camel
Central Asia
2,500
Bactrian camel
Andes
3,500
Llama / alpaca
China
4,000
Water buffalo
Egypt
4,000
Donkey
Ukraine
4,000
Horse
Mesopotamia (Crete), India
6,000
Cow
China,  Mesopotamia
8,000
Pig
Mesopotamia
8,000
Goat
Mesopotamia
8,000
Sheep
Mesopotamia, China, North America
10,000
Dog
Place
Dates B.C.
Species
•Uses of animals: Food (meat, milk), transportation, military use, work (plowing) and clothing (wool, hides)
•Consquences:
•Populations with domesticated animals developed immunity earlier to epidemic diseases which had spread from animals to humans (measles, tuberculosis, smallpox, flu, pertussis, malaria)
•Larger populations supported due to improvement in agriculture
•Increased long-distance trade and travel
•Increased military power
  Eurasia Africa America       Australia
Candidates    72     51   24               1
Domesticated Species    13      0        1                0
% of candidates         18%      0%     4%               0%
birds
Malaria
pigs, dogs
Pertussis
pigs and ducks
Flu
cattle (cowpox)
Smallpox
cattle
Tuberculosis
cattle (rinderpest)
Measles
Animal with related pathogen
Human Disease

Consequences of Agriculture:
•Food surpluses, food storage
•Permanent settlements (villages) around fields
•Support larger populations
•Within a few generations, wheat farmers were on the march, displacing and overwhelming hunter-gatherers as they went, and bringing with them their distinct Indo-European language, of which Sanskrit and Irish are both descendants.
•Allow division of labor and stratified societies, later political organization
•Writing developed as an accounting measure used in trade, taxes, and warehousing
•Wherever they went, the farmers brought their habits: not just sowing, reaping and threshing, but baking, fermenting, owning, hoarding.
Domesticated Plants
------
yams, taro
------
------
sugar cane
New Guinea
squash
artichoke
------
------
maygrass, barley, knotweed, goosefoot
E. United States
------
------
------
(coffee)
millet
Ethiopia
cucumber
------
cotton, flax
beans
------
India
watermelon, gourd
African yams
cotton
Sorghum, millet
West Africa
squashes
potato
cotton
beans
Corn
Americas
------
------
hemp
soybean
Rice, millet
China
------
------
flax
pea, lentil, chickpea
wheat, barley
Fertile
Crescent
Melons
Roots & Tubers
Fiber
Pulses
Cereals & Grasses
Area
Animal Domestication
Arabia
2,500
Arabian camel
Central Asia
2,500
Bactrian camel
Andes
3,500
Llama / alpaca
China
4,000
Water buffalo
Egypt
4,000
Donkey
Ukraine
4,000
Horse
Mesopotamia (Crete), India
6,000
Cow
China,  Mesopotamia
8,000
Pig
Mesopotamia
8,000
Goat
Mesopotamia
8,000
Sheep
Mesopotamia, China, North America
10,000
Dog
Place
Dates B.C.
Species
•Uses of animals: Food (meat, milk), transportation, military use, work (plowing) and clothing (wool, hides)
•Consquences:
•Populations with domesticated animals developed immunity earlier to epidemic diseases which had spread from animals to humans (measles, tuberculosis, smallpox, flu, pertussis, malaria)
•Larger populations supported due to improvement in agriculture
•Increased long-distance trade and travel
•Increased military power
  Eurasia Africa America       Australia
Candidates    72     51   24               1
Domesticated Species    13      0        1                0
% of candidates         18%      0%     4%               0%
birds
Malaria
pigs, dogs
Pertussis
pigs and ducks
Flu
cattle (cowpox)
Smallpox
cattle
Tuberculosis
cattle (rinderpest)
Measles
Animal with related pathogen
Human Disease

Old Babylonian Empire
Hammurabi’s Code